Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883-1966) was a prominent Indian nationalist, freedom fighter, poet, writer, and politician. He played a significant role in India’s struggle for independence and left a complex and controversial legacy. Here is an overview of his life and contributions:

1. Early Life and Education: Savarkar was born on May 28, 1883, in the village of Bhagur in the Nashik district of Maharashtra, India. He received a comprehensive education, which included Sanskrit, Marathi, English, and a strong exposure to history and politics.
2. Revolutionary Activities: Savarkar became involved in revolutionary activities aimed at ending British colonial rule. He was a member of the Abhinav Bharat Society, which advocated for armed struggle against the British. He was associated with the India House in London, a center for revolutionary activities.
3. Imprisonment and Incarceration: In 1909, Savarkar was arrested in connection with the assassination of a British official, J.P. Saunders. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and was incarcerated in the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, where he endured harsh conditions for several years.
4. Literary Contributions: While in prison, Savarkar wrote several influential works, including his historical account, “The First War of Indian Independence,” and his philosophical treatise, “Hindutva: Who is a Hindu?” His writings played a significant role in shaping the ideologies of Hindu nationalism and Hindutva.
5. Advocacy of Hindutva: Savarkar is credited with coining the term “Hindutva,” which he defined as the cultural and political ideology of the Hindu community. He argued for the unity and cultural identity of Hindus.
6. Release and Political Activities: Savarkar was released from prison in 1924 after serving over a decade. He later became involved in politics and was a member of the Hindu Mahasabha. He continued to advocate for Hindutva and was critical of the Indian National Congress’s approach to independence.
7. Controversies: Savarkar’s legacy is marked by controversy. While he is celebrated by some as a nationalist hero and a champion of Hindutva, his involvement in revolutionary activities and his writings have also been criticized for their alleged advocacy of violence and divisive ideologies.
8. Death: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar passed away on February 26, 1966, in Mumbai, India.

Savarkar’s life and legacy continue to be a subject of debate and discussion in India. While some view him as a patriot and a thinker who made significant contributions to India’s independence movement and the concept of Hindutva, others critique his ideas and actions for their perceived divisiveness and alleged endorsement of violence. His impact on Indian politics and ideology remains a topic of study and contention.