Dandruff is a common condition that affects the scalp, causing flakes of skin to appear. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including a dry scalp, oily skin, or a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia. Symptoms of dandruff include white or yellow flakes of skin on the scalp, itching, and a red or irritated scalp.

There are several ways to treat dandruff, including:

1. Shampoo regularly: Regularly shampooing your hair can help to remove excess oil and dead skin cells from your scalp, which can help to reduce dandruff.
2. Use an anti-dandruff shampoo: Anti-dandruff shampoos contain ingredients like salicylic acid, zinc pyrithione, or ketoconazole that can help to control the growth of Malassezia and reduce dandruff.
3. Avoid styling products: Styling products like gels, mousses, and hairsprays can build up on your scalp and contribute to dandruff. Try to avoid using them or limit their use as much as possible.
4. Manage stress: Stress can contribute to dandruff, so finding ways to manage stress, such as through exercise, meditation, or therapy, may help to reduce dandruff symptoms.
5. Adjust your diet: Some studies have suggested that a diet high in sugar and saturated fats may contribute to dandruff. Eating a healthy, balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may help to reduce dandruff.

If over-the-counter treatments are not effective, it is best to consult a dermatologist for further evaluation and management.