Pitra Paksha, also known as Mahalaya Paksha, is a 16-day period in the Hindu lunar calendar dedicated to honoring and offering prayers to one’s ancestors or pitras. Pitra Paksha is considered an important period for expressing gratitude and seeking the blessings of one’s forefathers.

1. Significance: Pitra Paksha is observed to show respect and gratitude to one’s deceased ancestors. It is believed that performing these rituals helps the souls of the departed family members find peace and move on to the afterlife.
2. Dates: Pitra Paksha begins on the first day of the waning moon in the month of Bhadrapada and ends on the new moon day (Amavasya) in the same month. It typically falls in September or October.
3. Rituals: The main rituals during Pitra Paksha include Tarpana, which involves offering water and food to the ancestors. People also offer Pinda daan, which are rice balls, to symbolize nourishment for the departed souls. Many perform these rituals at sacred riverbanks or temples.
4. Beliefs: It is believed that the souls of ancestors visit the Earth during Pitra Paksha, and by performing these rituals, their blessings can be sought, and any sins or karmic debts can be cleared.
5. Hindrances: It is advised not to start any new ventures, buy property, or conduct any auspicious ceremonies during Pitra Paksha, as it is considered an inauspicious time.
6. Pitru Tarpan: On the last day of Pitra Paksha, known as Mahalaya Amavasya, many people offer special prayers and Tarpan to their ancestors, seeking their blessings.
7. Story of Karna: One of the most famous stories associated with Pitra Paksha is that of Karna from the Mahabharata. Karna is believed to have gone to heaven after his death and received food in the form of gold and silver in return for his charity during his lifetime.

Pitra Paksha is an important observance for many Hindus, especially those who follow ancestral traditions and believe in the significance of honoring and remembering their forefathers.